Innovations of Islamic Glasswork in the 5th and 6th Centuries AH/AD 11th and 12th Centuries

Glasswork of the Islamic era in the 5th and 6th centuries AH/AD 11th and 12th centuries in Islamic lands reached its peak of growth and prosperity and was accompanied by innovations in the field of production and decoration. After this period this industry inspired glassmaking of the whole world. Studying the features of Islamic glassmaking in its heyday with the aim of introducing and classifying the innovations made in the methods of manufacturing and decorating glass products, this research seeks to find out technical development in the field of manufacturing and decorating glass products in the 5th and 6th centuries AH/ AD 11th and 12th centuries. The present research is based on the nature of descriptive-analytical methodology. The method of collecting data is based on library sources and the recording of observations was made by the authors. In the results obtained from this study, it can be said that Islamic glasswork in the 5th and 6th centuries AH/ AD 11th and 12th centuries in Islamic lands had suitable bases for creating change and innovation, and can be divided into four groups: color and raw materials of glass, form and methods of construction, decorations and the application of designs. Studying the glass works attributed to this historical period at the same time with improving the quality of glass raw materials and color diversity demonstrates diversity in forms and methods of making works, decorations and innovations. In general, it can be claimed that Islamic glassmaking in Iran, Iraq, Syria and Egypt had distinct technical characteristics compared to previous periods, and stopped by the Mongol invasion in the 7th century AH/AD 13 century in Iran and transmitted to other glass centers. Glassmaking industry then moved to Iraq, Syria, and Egypt, and later reached the West from these lands, merging with the experience of Western glassmaking.